Microfluidics‐Enabled Multimaterial Maskless Stereolithographic Bioprinting |
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| Authors: | Amir K. Miri Daniel Nieto Luis Iglesias Hossein Goodarzi Hosseinabadi Sushila Maharjan Guillermo U. Ruiz‐Esparza Parastoo Khoshakhlagh Amir Manbachi Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci Shaochen Chen Su Ryon Shin Yu Shrike Zhang Ali Khademhosseini |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA;2. Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA;3. Microoptics and GRIN Optics Group, Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain;4. Polymeric Materials Research Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;5. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;6. Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;7. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;8. Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;9. Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT), University of California‐Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA;10. Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California‐Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA;11. Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California‐Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA;12. California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California‐Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA;13. Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | A stereolithography‐based bioprinting platform for multimaterial fabrication of heterogeneous hydrogel constructs is presented. Dynamic patterning by a digital micromirror device, synchronized by a moving stage and a microfluidic device containing four on/off pneumatic valves, is used to create 3D constructs. The novel microfluidic device is capable of fast switching between different (cell‐loaded) hydrogel bioinks, to achieve layer‐by‐layer multimaterial bioprinting. Compared to conventional stereolithography‐based bioprinters, the system provides the unique advantage of multimaterial fabrication capability at high spatial resolution. To demonstrate the multimaterial capacity of this system, a variety of hydrogel constructs are generated, including those based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA). The biocompatibility of this system is validated by introducing cell‐laden GelMA into the microfluidic device and fabricating cellularized constructs. A pattern of a PEGDA frame and three different concentrations of GelMA, loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor, are further assessed for its neovascularization potential in a rat model. The proposed system provides a robust platform for bioprinting of high‐fidelity multimaterial microstructures on demand for applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biosensing, which are otherwise not readily achievable at high speed with conventional stereolithographic biofabrication platforms. |
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| Keywords: | bioprinting digital light prototyping digital micromirror devices microfluidics multimaterials |
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