从文化视角比较中美两国高教管理体制差异

不同的文化传统，孕育和塑造了不同的高等教育管理体制。中美两国在文化传统方面存在等级观与人权观、群体意识与个人主义、重“名”与重“利”、重伦理与重法制等观念和价值上的差异，使两国的高等教育管理体制也呈现出不同的特点。在外部管理体制上表现为：集权与分权、“人治”与“法治”、封闭性与开放性等不同特点；在内部管理体制上表现为：“家长”式管理与民主式管理、外行管理与专家管理、行政干预与办学自主等不同特点。

Comparison of the Differences of Administrative Systems of High Education between China and America from the View of Culture

The different cultural traditions are pregnant with and model different high education administrative systems. Because of the different cultural traditions such as rank idea and idea of human rights, collectivism and individualism, emphasizing reputation and emphasizing benefits, emphasizing ethic and emphasizing laws, which lead to different characteristics in the high educational administrative system between China and America. The external administrative system presents such characteristics as concentration of power and division of power, management by human and management by laws, the character of closing and opening. The internal administrative system presents paterfamilias management and democratic management, non-expert management and expert management, administrative intervention and independent management, etc.