淀粉接枝衣康酸/丙烯酸高吸水材料制备与性能

旨在为降低吸水材料成本、拓宽原料来源、提高生物降解性、减少对石油化工产品的依赖提供指导，以水溶液接枝共聚法制备了淀粉接枝衣康酸/丙烯酸高吸水材料（S/IA/AA），讨论了淀粉糊化条件、中和度、单体含量、反应温度等因素对材料吸水性能的影响，采用FTIR、SEM、EDX等对吸水材料进行表征。研究表明：淀粉糊化最佳条件为糊化温度80℃，糊化比为10 g•g^-1，糊化时间30 min;吸水材料合成最佳条件为中和度50%，衣康酸40%，淀粉20%，引发剂为4×10^-3 mol•L^-1，交联剂0.075%，反应温度50℃;利用40％衣康酸替代丙烯酸所制S/IA/AA同S/AA相比，其吸水性能有一定提高且保水性能优良。

Preparation and properties of starch grafted itaconic acid/acrylate acid superabsorbent

The ternary starch grafted itaconic acid/acrylate acid superabsorbent polymers（S/IA/AA）were synthesized via aqueous solution polymerization with maize starch，itaconic acid（IA）and acrylate acid（AA）as raw materials.The factors that influenced the sample’s properties were investigated.The superabsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR），scanning electron microscopy（SEM）and energy dispersive X-ray detector（EDX）.Preliminary results indicated that S/IA/AA polymer，which was synthesized by using IA in addition to AA，exhibited improved water absorbency compared with that of S/AA polymer.Starch gelatinization optimum conditions were obtained as follows：gelatinization temperature 80℃，gelatinization time 30 min and starch to water ratio 10 g•g^-1，respectively.The optimized polymerization process of S/IA/AA was concentrations of cross-linker 0.075%，concentration of initiator 4×10^-3 mol•L^-1，IA to AA ratio 40%，starch to monomer ratio 20%，neutralization degree 50%，and polymerization temperature 50℃.Kinetic curves of composite indicated that S/IA/AA had high absorbency rate and excellent water retention.For starch species superabsorbent，this study was significant for reduced cost of production，widened source of raw material，increased biodegradability and reduced dependence on petrochemicals.