冻土及干土层自动观测系统的应用分析

为了实现冻土观测自动化,河南省气象科学研究所与中国电子科技集团公司第27研究所设计了平面电容冻土传感器,开发了冻土及干土层自动观测系统,在佳木斯国家基准气候站进行试验。对佳木斯站2016~2019三年冻土期的人工和自动冻土观测数据进行分层、逐日的对比分析。分析结果表明:冻土深度第一层上限值在土壤冻结期,人工与自动值一致,差值为0,在冻土融化期,人工与自动值差值范围为-3~+6 cm,人工融化速度略低于自动;冻土深度第一层下限值在冻土冻结期,人工值大多高于自动值,自动最大值出现日期较人工滞后1~2 d,冻土开始融化后,自动观测冻土融化速度较人工慢;2016~2019三年冻土期观测到的冻土深度第二层上、下限数据人工和自动观测数据一致性较好。冻土及干土层自动观测系统故障率低,运行稳定,能在冻土期连续观测数据,数据准确率基本符合地面气象观测业务需求,适用于冻土自动化观测业务。

Application Analysis of the Automatic Observation System for Frozen Soil and Dry Soil

Observation of permafrost in order to realize the automation,Henan institute of meteorological science and design institute of China electronics technology group Co.,Ltd.,27 the planar capacitance sensors,permafrost automatic observation system,the development of permafrost and dry soil in Kiamusze national reference climatological stations to test,through the Jiamusi station 2016~2019,three years of permafrost of artificial permafrost and automatic observation data for comparison and analysis of the layered,day by day.The analysis results show that the upper limit value of the first layer of frozen soil depth is the same as the artificial and automatic value in the soil freezing period,and the difference value is 0.In the thawing period of frozen soil,the difference value of the artificial and automatic value ranges from-3~+6 cm,and the artificial thawing speed is slightly lower than the automatic value.The lower limit value of the first layer of permafrost depth is in the frozen period of permafrost,and the artificial value is mostly higher than the automatic value.The date of occurrence of the automatic maximum value is 1~2 d later than the artificial one.After the permafrost begins to melt,the automatic observation of the melting speed of permafrost is slower than the artificial one.The manual and automatic observation data of the upper and lower limits of the second layer of frozen soil depth observed during the period of permafrost from 2016~2019 have a good consistency.The automatic observation system for permafrost and dry soil has low failure rate and stable operation.It can continuously observe data in the permafrost period,and its data accuracy basically meets the requirements of ground meteorological observation.It is suitable for the automatic observation of permafrost.