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Segregation in granular materials and the direct measurement of surface forces using atomic force microscopy
Authors:Nhat-Hang Duong  Troy Shinbrot
Affiliation:a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
b Department of Biomedical Engineering, 617 Bowser Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
Abstract:It is known that one of the dominant forces controlling the macroscopic motion of particles is the cohesive force due to the presence of liquid bridges between particles. In a mixing process, this force directly impacts the degree of homogeneity achievable by the system. The work presented here provides a quantitative analysis of this relationship through concurrent direct measurements of surface forces due to moisture and blending/segregation experiments. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to measure the force required to remove the AFM's cantilever from the surface of a glass bead with varying degrees of surface moisture. Corresponding blending/segregation experiments were performed using the same materials and conditions to develop a correlation between the interparticle forces due to the liquid layer and the final state of a mixing process. The extent to which greater moisture content increased the interparticle surface forces was quantified, and it was observed that segregation decreases proportionately to increases in surface forces.
Keywords:Moisture-induced cohesion  Surface forces  AFM measurement  Segregation
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