糖苷水解酶32家族结构与功能的研究进展

糖苷水解酶32（GH32）家族是一类广泛存在于植物、真菌和细菌中的水解酶，作用于果聚糖苷键的水解或合成，在果聚糖的生物合成、细胞壁代谢、植物防御、植物细胞分化和发育、果聚糖类物质动员、刺激肠道有益细菌生长等各种生物过程发挥重要的作用。GH32家族的三维结构高度保守，由N-端催化结构域和C-端β-三明治结构域组成。目前，GH32家族已有10 146个家庭成员，其中15种酶的晶体结构得到解析，明确了酶的三维结构和催化机制。该文综述了GH32家族的成员及生物学功能、三维结构、催化活性中心和催化机制，论述了芳香族区域在酶与底物识别中的重要作用，展望了GH32家族工业用酶的改造方向。

Research progress on the structure and function of glycoside hydrolase 32 family

Glycoside hydrolase 32 (GH32) family is a class of hydrolytic enzymes widely existed in plants, fungi and bacteria, which is responsible for the hydrolysis or synthesis of glycosidic bonds of fructan, and it plays important roles in various biological processes such as the fructan biosynthesis, cell wall metabolism, plant defense, plant cell differentiation and development, fructan mobilization, stimulating the growth of intestinal beneficial bacteria. The three-dimensional structure of GH32 family is highly conserved, and it is consisted of N-terminal catalytic domain and C-terminal β-sandwich domain. At present, GH32 family has 10 146 members, and the crystal structures of 15 enzymes were resolved, as well as three-dimensional structure and catalytic mechanism of these enzymes were elucidated. In this paper, the members and biology functions, the three-dimensional structure, catalytic active center and catalytic mechanism of GH32 family were reviewed, and the role of aromatic amino acids in the recognition of substrate was also discussed, giving prospects of the molecular transformation direction of GH32 family on its industrial application.