材料基因工程及其在海洋工程用钢中的应用

近年来，随着我国海洋资源开发不断走向深水，海洋工程装备对材料的性能要求不断提高，设计和开发高性能钢铁材料已经成为海洋工程材料的主要发展趋势之一。应用传统的“试错法”开发新材料虽然能避开物理机制不明的制约，但研发周期长、成本高、效率低。“材料基因组”思想应运而生，材料的设计逐渐由“炒菜式”向理性设计改变。而材料基因工程以“研发周期缩短一半、研发成本降低一半”为目标，为新材料的研发提供了新的方向。文中在对材料基因工程的基础理论与方法、关键技术、发展现状等方面总结分析的基础上，提出了海洋工程用钢材料基因化的设计思路。短期来看可以缩短研发周期同时降低成本，长期来看还可以实现海洋工程用钢的按需设计，充实钢铁材料数据库，为后续的材料计算与开发提供依据。 

Materials genome engineering and its application in steel for marine engineering

In recent years, with the development of Marine resources to deep water, the performance requirements of marine engineering equipment for materials are increasing, and the design and development of high-performance steel materials has become one of the main development trends of marine engineering materials. Using traditional "trial and error method" to develop new materials can avoid the restriction of unclear physical mechanism, but the development cycle is long, the cost is high and the efficiency is low. The idea of "material genome" came into being, and the design of the material has gradually changed from traditional design to rational design. The material genetic project aims to "shorten the research and development cycle by half and reduce the research and development cost by half", providing a new direction for the research and development of new materials. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the basic theories and methods, key technologies and development status of genetic engineering of materials, this paper puts forward the design ideas of genetic engineering of steel materials for offshore engineering. In the short term, it can shorten the R&D cycle and reduce the cost. In the long term, it can also realize the on-demand design of offshore engineering steel, enrich the steel material database, and provide the basis for the subsequent material calculation and development.