电磁轨道炮被动式炮口消弧装置的理论分析与优化设计

为了研究电磁轨道炮消除炮口电弧的方法,提出了一种新型结构的被动式炮口消弧装置,建立了含有消弧装置的内弹道计算模型。分析了被动式消弧器的两个作用原理,第一个是磁通压缩原理,能够在电枢中产生反向电流,以减小炮口剩余电流; 第二个是续流原理,使系统中残余能量可以从消弧器中释放,而不是经过电弧,从而大大减小炮口弧光。发现消弧器的电气参数必须与发射器的电气参数相匹配才能达到最佳效果,过大或过小的感抗和阻抗都会导致不良消弧状态,最优参数应为较小的电感与稍大的电阻组合。进一步研究了炮口消弧器的工程化设计方法,所提出的结构最适合使用不锈钢材料,能显著降低炮口残余电流和电弧,而初速基本没有减小,该理论分析和设计思路可以为轨道炮消弧器的研究提供参考。

Theoretical Analysis and Optimization Design of Passive Muzzle Arc Suppression Device in a Railgun

To control muzzle arc of electromagnetic rail gun, a new passive arc suppression device of muzzle was proposed, and the calculation model of the interior ballistics was established. Two arc suppression principles were analyzed. The first is the magnetic flux compression, and the muzzle circuit will produce reverse current in armature to reduce the muzzle current. The second is the continuous flow of current when armature is out,and the residual energy will release by the arc suppression device instead of the arc flash. The electrical parameters of arc suppression device should be matched with the launching system,and too small or too large inductance and resistance will lead to undesirable arc suppression. The optimal parameters should be the smaller inductance and slightly larger resistance. In this design,the best material is stainless steel which is simple and reliable. With this device, the muzzle residual current is almost reduced to zero,but the muzzle velocity is not reduced. This design offers reference for the study of muzzle arc suppression device.