Advances in the acoustics of flow ducts and mufflers

This review paper deals with advances made in the last two decades in the acoustics of flow ducts for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (hvac) systems and engine mufflers. The context, concepts, methods used and results have been highlighted. Frequency-domain one-dimensional analysis of reflective mufflers has been emphasized because of its basic importance and wide application. Finally, problems needing further research have been identified.