旧采残煤综合机械化长壁复采的几个问题

为解决目前我国大面积旧采残煤如何实现安全复采的问题，通过分析以往我国井工开采煤矿采用房柱式、条带式等旧式采煤方法开采后的残煤资源总量及其埋藏深度，初步得出我国残煤资源总量达802亿t，80%为埋藏深度150 m以浅的残煤赋存基本特点，以及赋存残煤资源老矿井的采空区瓦斯、水及顶板的赋存特征。并在此基础上提出了旧式残煤长壁综合机械化开采方法、分区布局、采空区积水与积气的分区处置原则与方法。以山西阳城西河煤矿旧采残煤区复采为例，通过太原理工大学研制的大型三维相似模拟试验台，以三维相似模拟的方法，进行了针对旧采残煤综采复采两类工作面布置方法进行的三维相似模拟试验研究，给出了工作面长度方向平行与30°角斜交采空区空巷2种走向布置方式时，旧采长壁复采采场的顶板垮落形态、垮落方式、垮落步距，特别是架前垮落概率和对支架影响的新的特征与规律。得出旧采残煤综合机械化开采工作面长度方向与采空区空巷应成30°以上角度斜交布置，即可顺利实现旧采残煤的综合机械化复采。

Several problems of the old mining remnants in longwall fully mechanized mining technology

In order to solve the problem of coal mining safely in mined area,we analyzed residual coal resources mined by some outdated methods,such as the room and pillar method,the strip mining method and so on,and their buried depth.There are 80.2 billion tons of residual coal resources in China,80 percent of which are buried in less than 150 m.Also,this paper analyzed occurrence of characteristics of gas,water and roof of the residual coal resources of the old mine goaf.Based on that,new methods which contain mechanized longwall mining,partition layout and independent treatment of gas and water in mine goaf,were presented.Taking Xihe Coal Mine as a model,two kinds of working face layout methods,including the mechanized longwall mining method and the second mining method,were tested with the large-scale three-dimensional simulation apparatus in Taiyuan University of Technology.The results demonstrate that there are some new characters and principles of roof caving feature,caving form,caving step distance,especially caving probability’s influence on hydraulic support,when the direction of the length of working face is parallel to the goaf alley or has an 30° angle.Furthermore,the mechanized second mining method can be used successfully when the angle between the direction of the length of working face and the direction of the goaf alley is more than 30°.