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A constitutive model for ice as a damaging visco-elastic material |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand;2. Department of Applied Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;3. Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand;1. Department of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain;2. School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 275 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 275 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;1. Laboratoire de Mécanique des Solides, CNRS UMR7649, École Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France;2. Herakles, Centre de Recherche du Bouchet, 9 rue Lavoisier, 91710 Vert Le Petit, France |
| Abstract: | A general three dimensional theory is proposed for describing constitutive properties for ice as a viscoelastic brittle material. The elastic and viscous properties of ice are assumed to be initially orthotropic. Initiation and growth of a multitude of small microcracks is described using continuum mechanics principles. The material damage caused by microcracks is described using independent vectorial fields of planar microcracks. The constitutive equations are derived from general thermodynamic principles combined with some results from invariant theory for tensors. The developed theory is tested on two simple loading cases for a bar with material properties selected in conformance with test results for S2-ice. Results obtained numerically are compared with results reported in the literature. The results show good correspondence with test results over a wide range of strain rates including regions of ductile and brittle as well as regions of transition from ductile to brittle behaviour. The proposed model can easily be implemented in FEM programs. |
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