Node Localization Based on Improved PSO and Mobile Nodes for Environmental Monitoring WSNs

In this paper, a novel iterative localization algorithm based on improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed for monitoring environment like lakes, rivers or other water bodies. The first step of this algorithm is to get the position of some unknown nodes by using improved PSO algorithm. The second step is to locate other nodes by using these unknown nodes in first step as new anchor nodes. The localization problem of island node in sparse distributed grid is solved by introducing adaptive mobile node in this paper. The simulation results show that the algorithm has the advantages of small location error and little influence by environmental factors.