同侧竖缝式鱼道结构优化数值模拟研究

鱼道是保证鱼类能顺利洄游的过鱼设施。通过竖缝相对宽度分别为0.05,0.10,0.15,0.30,底坡为10%的鱼道模型进行数值计算。采用可视化显示及数据分析的方法分析不同竖缝相对宽度、底坡条件下的同侧竖缝式鱼道的水流结构特征。通过模型模拟,分析水流沿水深方向的流速分布情况、主流区最大流速沿程分布及沿程衰减情况,以及在不同竖缝相对宽度和(或)不同流速情况下的紊动能分布情况。综合各物理量的分析,得出竖缝相对宽度b₀/B=0.15、底坡为10%时,水流在池室内能形成较好的适合鱼类洄游的流态:主流区水流横向扩散范围适中,主流区最大流速沿程均匀衰减,回流区面积较为对称,流速较小。

Numerical Simulation to Optimize the Structure of Ipsilateral Vertical Slot Fishway

The flow structure in ipsilateral vertical slot fishway is researched by changing the relative width of verti-cal slot (0.05,0.1 0,0.1 5,0.30)and bottom slope 1 0% in a fishway model.Visual display and data analysis are adopted in the research.Through the simulation,the flow velocity distribution along water depth,the frictional distribution and attenuation of maximum flow velocity in mainstream area,as well as the turbulence kinetic energy distribution in the presence of different relative slot width and different flow velocity are obtained.Results reveal that when vertical slot width b0 /B =0.1 5 and bottom slope is 1 0%,flow pattern favorable for fish migration could be formed in the pool:the range of transverse diffusion of flow in mainstream area is moderate,the maximum flow velocity in the mainstream area attenuates uniformly along the way,and the backflow area is symmetrical with small flow velocity.