黄河中游水沙过程对水土保持治理的响应研究

为了解水土保持治理对泥沙过程的影响，在分离了气候变化对水沙过程变化的影响后，结合变动范围法研究了黄河中游多沙粗沙区由于水土保持治理等人类活动引起的水文、泥沙变化的时空演变规律。结果表明，1953~2000年由水土保持工程导致较显著的黄河中游水文变化参数为反转数、10月月平均流量、90 d最小流量等12个IHA因子；较显著的泥沙变化参数为10月、4月月平均输沙量、年最大3 d输沙量等8个因子；黄河中游多沙粗沙区中多数流域的水文与泥沙变化程度具有相似的空间分布规律；工程措施对水沙过程变化的影响较直接，而非工程措施中植树造林对黄河中游水沙变化影响较大。

Assessing Impact of Water-silt Changes of the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River on Soil and Water Conservation Measures

In order to investigate the influence of soil and water conservation measures on silt process, the impact of climatic change on water-silt process change is analyzed. And then range of variability approach (RVA) is applied to study the variability and spatial patterns of hydrological and sediment changes (1953~2000) induced by intensified water and soil conservation measures in coarse sand areas of the middle reaches of the Yellow River. The results show that the most remarkable indicators of hydrological alternation add up to 12, such as number of reversals, monthly average discharge in October, 90-days minimum discharge; the most remarkable indicators of sediment alternation add up to 8, such as monthly average sediment runoff in October and April, 3-days yearly maximum sediment runoff; similar spatial patterns of hydrological and sediment changes are observed in most coarse sand catchments of the middle reaches of the Yellow River; engineering measures have a direct impact on water-silt process change; in non-engineering measures, forestation is the major factor causing the water-silt process change in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.