Evaluation of distributed environmental control systems for improving IAQ and reducing energy consumption in office buildings |
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Authors: | Dustin W Demetriou H Ezzat Khalifa |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Geography, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, M5S 3G3, Canada |
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Abstract: | Conventional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are incapable of providing control over individual
environments or adjusting fresh air supply based on the dynamic occupancy of individual rooms in an office building. This
paper introduces the concept of distributed environmental control systems (DECS) and shows that improvement in indoor air
quality (IAQ) and energy efficiency can be achieved by providing required amounts of fresh air directly to the individual
office spaces through distributed demand controlled ventilation (DDCV). In DDCV, fresh air is provided to each micro-environment
(room or cubicle) based on input from distributed sensors (CO2, VOC, occupancy, etc.) or intelligent scheduling techniques to provide acceptable IAQ for each occupant, rather than for
groups or populations of occupants. In order to study DECS, a numerical model was developed that incorporates some of the
best available models for studying building energy consumption, indoor air flow, contaminant transport and HVAC system performance.
The developed model was applied to a DECS in a model office building equipped with a DDCV system. By implementing DECS/DDCV
and intelligent scheduling techniques it is possible to achieve an improvement in IAQ along with a reduction in annual energy
consumption compared to conventional ventilation systems. |
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Keywords: | |
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