Measurement and Modelling of NO Fluxes on Maize and Wheat Crops During their Growing Seasons: Effect of Crop Management |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">P?LavilleEmail author C?Hénault B?Gabrielle D?Ser?a |
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Affiliation: | (1) Unité Environnement et Grandes Cultures, INRA, Thiverval-Grignon, France;(2) INRA, UMR INRA, Université de Bourgogne Microbiologie et Géochimie des Sols, Dijon, France;(3) Laboratoire d’Aérologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France;(4) UMR INRA INA P-G Environnement et Grandes Cultures, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France |
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Abstract: | Fertilized agricultural soils are a significant source of NO, a gas involved in tropospheric ozone formation. The aims of
the research reported here were to measure NO fluxes over the length of the growing season of wheat and maize crops, and to
build a model of soil NO emissions from arable land. Field experiments were carried out on a 1-ha field divided into two parts.
The first one was cropped with wheat and harvested in late July, 2002, whereas the second part was sown with maize and harvested
in October. The wheat and maize received 130 kg N ha−1 and 140 kg N ha−1, respectively. For each crop, NO fluxes were measured during 10 months every 2 weeks using manual closed chambers, and continuously
with a wind tunnel immediately after nitrogen fertilization. Fertilizer application significantly affected NO emissions: the
largest NO emissions were recorded a few days after nitrogen application. This delay depended on the kinetics of nitrogen
incorporation in the soil, as influenced by rainfall. The emissions measured on the maize field (2.6% of the fertilizer amount
applied) were more important than those on the wheat field (1.0% of the fertilizer amount applied), owing to differences in
timing of nitrogen application, with respect to climate and crop growth. Relationships between soil nitrification rate and
NO emission obtained from laboratory incubations, and experimental data appeared useful and relevant to predict NO emissions
at the field-scale. |
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Keywords: | Arable soils Biogenic Influencing factors Modelling NO emission |
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