湖南省人居环境气候适宜性时空格局研究

以湖南省97个地面气象观测站自建站(1958年)到2007年之间近50 a的观测资料为基础,选取温度、湿度、风速3个主要因子构建评价模型,研究了湖南省气候适宜性的时空变化。结果表明:在海拔1 000 m以下的地区,一般出现人体舒适度指数为负三级~三级的气候,60.1%的月份气候舒适或较舒适,其气候概率空间分布特征为湘西南和湘东南多,湘北和湘东少,气候不舒适或很不舒适的月份不到半数,其中偏冷的月份较偏暖的月份多;湖南省5月和9月气候舒适,4月和10月气候凉爽而较舒适,6月气候温暖而较舒适,12月和1~2月气候凉而不舒适或冷而很不舒适,3月气候从不舒适向较舒适过渡,11月气候从较舒适向不舒适过渡,7~8月可能出现暖而不舒适的气候类型;湖南省气候偏冷而不舒适或很不舒适的地区或月份明显减少,而气候舒适和偏暖而不舒适或很不舒适的地区或月份呈增加趋势;在海拔1 000 m以上的地区,可能出现人体舒适度指数为负四级～零级之间的气候。

Study on the Spatiotemporal Pattern of Climate Suitability for Human Settlements in Hunan Province

Based on the observation of 97 weather stations in Hunan province in the past 50 years, selected three main factors of climate temperature, humidity and wind speed to set up evaluation model, and studied the change of climate adaptability in Hunan. The results show that: at an altitude of 1 000 m below, human comfort index is negative three to three. 60.1% months are comfortable or relatively comfortable with climate probability space distribution characteristics of mainly seen in the southwest and southeast and less seen in southern or eastern of Hunan, the rest months are less comfortable or uncomfortable, most of which are cold rather than warm; In Hunan province the comfortable climate is in May and September, and the cool or comparatively comfortable climate is in April and October, warm and relatively comfortable climate is in June, and cold weather lasting from December to February is less comfortable or uncomfortable; In March the climate evolves from uncomfortable to respectively comfortable, and the opposite change appears in November; In July and August the climate is warm and uncomfortable. Districts or months of uncomfortable cold climate are significantly reduced, while numbers of districts or months in uncomfortable warm climate are in the raising trend. In the altitude of 1 000 m above area, human comfortable index appears from negative four to zero.