淤地坝在黄河中游水土流失防治中的作用

黄河流域淤地坝建设历史悠久。目前黄河中游地区建成淤地坝11．35万座(其中骨干坝1356座，中小型坝11．2万座)，已拦泥沙210多亿t，淤地32．0万hm^2，保护川台地1．33万hm^2。淤地坝拦泥保土，有效地减少了入黄泥沙；淤地造田，提高了粮食产量；促进水资源利用，解决了农民生活生产用水；增加农民收入，发展了农村经济；促进退耕，改善了生态环境；利于区域防洪减灾，保护沟道下游生产安全；以坝代桥，改善了交通条件。近期实施的重点应是产沙量较大的多沙区，重中之重是水土流失严重的多沙粗沙区。

Function of Warping Dams in Prevention and Management of Soil and Water Loss in the Middle Yellow River

The warping dams built in the Yellow River basin have a long history. By the end of 2002, there are 113,500 warping dams completed in the middle reaches of the river, of which, 1,480 are key dams and 112,000 medium and small sized dams. It has retained sediment 21 billion m 3, warped land 320,000 hm 2 and protected land in valleys 18,700 hm 2. It has effectively reduced sediment deposition of the Yellow River through retaining sediment and soil conservation by warping dams; increased grain output by created new lands; solved the problem of domestic and production water consumption of farmers by promoting utilization of water resources; developed rural economy by increasing the income of farmers; improved ecological environment by implementing grain for green project and improved traffic conditions by using dams as bridges. In addition, it is advantageous for regional flood control and hazards reduction and protecting the safety of production in the downstream of the gully. The short-term key work should be stressed on the region of abundant in sediment and the most important region is the region of abundant in coarse sediment.