油田火筒加热炉大开孔封头强度研究

油田火筒加热炉密集大开孔封头的设计计算，因没有相应的强度计算标准在一定程度上限制了我国油田火筒加热炉技术的发展。本文利用板壳元模型分别对无任何加强的大开孔封头，有火筒加强的大开孔封头和有十字加强筋的大开孔封头，进行了有限元强度分析计算。理论与实验研究结果表明，本文建立的有限元模型用于大开孔封头强度分析是可行的，计算结果与实测吻合较好，实际应力没有超过材料的许用应力。

A Study of the Strength of a Crude Oil Heating Boiler Head Perforated by Large Openings

At present there exist no applicable standards or specifications for calculating the strength of crude oil heating boiler (COHB) heads perforated by densely distributed large openings. This has to a certain extent hampered the further development of crude oil heating boilers in China. In this paper a finite element strength analysis and calculation for the following three types of boiler head perforated by large openings is performed with the help of a plate shell model: i.e., one without any reinforcement, another one with a reinforcement and a third one with a cross shaped reinforcement. The results of a theoretical and experimental study indicate that the finite element model set up by the authors is feasible and effective for the strength analysis of boiler heads perforated by large openings. The calculation results agree quite well with those obtained through tests. The actual stress sustained by the heads has not surpassed the allowable stress of the relevant material used.