北京市蔬菜中农药残留现状及慢性膳食暴露评估

目的了解北京市蔬菜中农药残留污染现状及对北京市居民的膳食风险水平。方法采集2013年北京市主要蔬菜生产基地和大型批发市场的蔬菜样品,采用NY/T 761-2008和GB/T 20769-2008等方法检测样品中的33种农药残留,分析北京市蔬菜中农药残留现状,并结合大城市居民的蔬菜消费情况和食品安全指数法对北京市居民从蔬菜中摄入农药风险进行慢性膳食暴露评估。结果 2013年北京市抽检的蔬菜中农药残留检测合格率达99.2%(502/506),农药超标的蔬菜为白菜类和绿叶菜类,拟除虫菊酯类农药检出频次较高,其构成比占40.8%,检出超标的农药为吡虫啉、毒死蜱、哒螨灵和百菌清;对所有检出农药进行慢性膳食暴露评估结果表明,百菌清的日摄入量相对较高,然而包括百菌清在内所有检出农药的食品安全指数值均小于1。结论北京市蔬菜中农药残留量的安全风险均在可接受范围内,百菌清是潜在的风险因子,应重点防患蔬菜中百菌清的残留风险。

Present situation and chronic dietary exposure assessment of pesticide residues in vegetables in Beijing

Objective To study the current situation of pesticide residues in vegetables and the level of risks for Beijing residents. Methods According to the monitoring data of pesticide residues in vegetables which were gotten from vegetable production bases and large wholesale markets in Beijing in the year 2013 by NY/T 761-2008 and GB/T 20769-2008, it analyzed the current situation of 33 kinds pesticide residues in vegetables, and made chronic dietary exposure assessment of pesticide intake risk for Beijing residents in combination with vegetable consumption of residents in big cities and food safety index method. Results It showed that the qualified rate of pesticide residues in vegetables in Beijing of year 2013 was 99.2% (502/506). The vegetables with excessive pesticide residues were cabbage and green leafy vegetables. The detection rate of pyrethroid pesticides was higher, which constituted 40.8% of all the detected pesticides. The excessive pesticides detected were imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, pyridaben and chlorothalonil. Results of chronic dietary exposure risk assessment of samples with detected pesticides showed that daily intake of chlorothalonil was relatively higher, but the food safety index value of food which contained all detected pesticides, including chlorothalonil was less than 1. Conclusions Security risks of pesticide residues in vegetable in Beijing are within acceptable ranges. Chlorothalonil is a potential risk factor and should be paid more attention during the control of pesticide pollution.