High-temperature ultrafast welding creating favorable V2O5 and conductive agents interface for high specific energy thermal batteries

The high interfacial resistance between V₂O₅ cathode materials and conductive agents (molten salt and super carbon) is one of the biggest issues that hinder the development of high specific energy thermal batteries. Designing fast Li⁺ and e^– transport channels in cathode electrodes is considered as an effect method to improve electrochemical performance. Hence, a high-temperature ultrafast welding is proposed to reduce V₂O₅/conductive agents interfacial resistance by reconstructing the transmission channels of Li⁺ and e^– in this paper. The experimental studies reveal the optimum ultrafast welding of 700 °C for 10 s, eliminating gap resistance of cathode electrodes induced by the melt of solid molten salt and rebuilding the more plentiful Li⁺ and e^– transport channels, further reducing the contact resistance and gap resistance. Therefore, the electrodes deliver a high specific capacity of 270.69 mAh g^?1 and a high specific energy of 610.60 Wh kg^?1 at 0.1 A cm^?2 and 500 °C with a cut-off voltage of 1.6 V. The high-temperature ultrafast welding provides guidance to build Li⁺ and e^– transport channels of other cathode materials in thermal batteries.