Exploring the complexity of hydrogen perception and acceptance among key stakeholders in Norway

This article explores the complexity of factors or mechanisms that can influence hydrogen stakeholder perception and acceptance in Norway. We systematically analyze 16 semi-structured in-depth interviews with industry stakeholders at local, municipal, regional, and national levels of interest and authority in Norway. Four empirical dimensions are identified that highlight the need for whole system approaches in hydrogen technology research: (1) several challenges, incentives, and synergy effects influence the hydrogen transition; (2) transport preferences are influenced by combined needs and limitations; (3) levels of knowledge and societal trust determinant to perceptions of risk and acceptance; and (4) national and international hydrogen stakeholders are crucial to building incentives and securing commitment among key actors. Our findings imply that project management, planners, engineers, and policymakers need to apply a whole system perspective and work across local, regional, and national levels before proceeding with large-scale development and implementation of the hydrogen supply chain.