Sustainable carbon-dioxide storage assessment in geological media using modified Pythagorean fuzzy VIKOR and DEMATEL approach

In a developing country like India, the primary source of power generation is fossil fuels. The lion's share of India's electricity production is from fossil fuels leading to massive greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) like CO₂, which causes global warming. To deal with climate change and control global warming, the carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) project in geological formation is a practical, comparatively secure, inevitable and emergent method to be materialized. However, CO₂ storage in deep geological structures in the sedimentary basin has a risk of leakage due to the geological formation of different seams, which might harm human beings, including different underground, terrestrial, and aquatic species. It could affect the energy sources of our environment also. Therefore the selection of CO₂ storage site in geological media is based on some criteria, and therefore it is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. The multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) method is proposed to get a more impartial result, using the soft computing methodology Pythagorean fuzzy VIKOR (“VIekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje”, a Serbian term for “multi-criteria optimization and compromise solution”) modified with a novel divergence called Pythagorean fuzzy Jensen-Shannon Song (PJSS). The fuzzy DEMATEL (DEcision MAking Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method is introduced to evaluate the criteria weights. A Comparative Study and Sensitivity analysis are also presented in this article. Finally, the outcomes of the work show that the proposed methodology is feasible.