Underground hydrogen storage in Australia: A review on the feasibility of geological sites |
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Affiliation: | Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Engineering Block B, Grattan Street, Parkville, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia |
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Abstract: | Hydrogen has attracted attention worldwide with its favourable inherent properties to contribute towards a carbon-free green energy future. Australia aims to make hydrogen as its next major export component to economize the growing global demand for hydrogen. Cost-effective and safe large-scale hydrogen storage in subsurface geology can assist Australia in meeting the projected domestic and export targets. This article discusses the available subsurface storage options in detail by first presenting the projected demand for hydrogen storage. Australia has many subsurface formations, such as depleted gas fields, salt caverns, aquifers, coal seams and abandoned underground mines, which can contribute to underground hydrogen storage. The article presents basin-wide geological information on the storage structures, the technical challenges, and the factors to consider during site selection. With the experience and knowledge Australia has in utilizing depleted reservoirs for gas storage and carbon capture and sequestration, Australia can benefit from the depleted gas reservoirs in developing hydrogen energy infrastructure. The lack of experience and knowledge associated with other geostructures favours the utilization of underground gas storage sites for the storage of hydrogen during the initial stages of the shift towards hydrogen energy. The article also provides future directions to address the identified important knowledge gaps to utilize the subsurface geology for hydrogen storage successfully. |
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Keywords: | Depleted gas fields Underground mines Salt deposits Aquifers Hydrogen storage demand 2P" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_UeOxKivC2y" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Remaining gas reserves 2C" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_sXr3frQOWn" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Contingent resources BCM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_q6wTpTbbCD" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Billion cubic meters BCSM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_1XhWBywbVm" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Billion standard cubic meters CCS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_S94VKXL6ew" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Carbon capture and sequestration EDR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_QdDQVLYJ2C" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Economic demosntrated resources kt" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_G1crfUyhyI" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" kilo tonnes Mt" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_ydAUqSkoha" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Million tonnes P2H" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_y8hNzqIreq" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Power-to-hydrogen PJ" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_qnelCXy0Dd" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Peta joules SDR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_zxo4pfpiWg" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Subeconomic demonstrated resources SRM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_2Q7VJIRvAR" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Sulphate reducing microornasims TWh" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_8q80CP2LYe" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Terawatt hours UGS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_cmuoDLdC8f" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Underground gas storage UHS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_yDOSzaxVnd" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Underground hydrogen storage |
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