The recent areas of applicability of palladium based membrane technologies for hydrogen production from methane and natural gas: A review |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran;2. Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal;3. CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal;4. Hydrogenia, Via Roma 8/2, 16121, Genoa, Italy |
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Abstract: | In the wake of the devastating consequences of climate change, many countries are searching for alternative renewable energy. Hydrogen, the most abundant element on earth, is an alternative clean and non-toxic energy source. Palladium-based membranes and their alloys are categorized as inorganic metallic membranes with the highest selectivity and permeation rate for hydrogen production. Pd-based membranes have great potential for resolving environmental concerns and adverse side effects of greenhouse gases resulting from industrial processes. This paper analyses Pd-based membranes and their industrial applications while focusing on natural gas and methane as non-renewable feedstocks for hydrogen production. Steam reforming of natural gas and methane, partial oxidation reaction, auto thermal reforming, dry reforming, and gas to liquid process are among the processes that take place in a Pd-based membrane reactor and are discussed in this paper. Finally, all the ongoing research and development on both laboratory and industrial scales are reviewed. |
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Keywords: | Pd-based membranes Hydrogen production Natural gas Methane |
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