后生产主义视角下的香港乡村复兴研究

20世纪50年代后，随着香港城市化不断推进，新界乡村居民大规模迁徙到市区，乡村人口锐减、经济衰退、物质景观逐渐衰败。90年代后，香港开始通过不同方式推动乡村转型，取得良好成效，可为内地乡村复兴提供有益参考。从近现代香港乡村演化路径切入，以转型发展中的荔枝窝、盐田仔、大澳村以及南丫岛为例，基于“后生产主义”理论视角探讨乡村复兴的不同驱动方式，包括由精英阶层“多方联合”推动，由本地居民自发保护，由政府或村民开展的“零碎型”保护，以及由中产阶级迁入而推动的“乡村绅士化”等4类乡村复兴方式。香港乡村经历了从“生产主义”向“后生产主义”发展的演化路径，乡村职能从农业生产逐渐转变为乡村消费，城市资本对乡村社会经济空间结构进行重构。香港乡村复兴主要由民间力量推动，政府参与度较低。乡村转型亟待综合性保护规划的制定， 并通过因村施策、多方合作等方式，实现传统文化保护、经济发展等多维度的复兴。

Rural Revitalization in Hong Kong: A Post-productivism Perspective

Rural residents in the New Territories, Hong Kong, have migrated to urban areas on a large scale due to the continuous urbanization and industrialization since the 1950s. This has led to sharp reductions in the rural population, economy and rural landscapes. Hong Kong began to promote rural transformation in different ways after the 1990s, which achieved good outcomes and could provide a beneficial reference for rural revitalization in China Mainland. This conclusion is based on case studies of Lai Chi Wo, Yim Tin Tsai, Tai O Village villages and Lamma Island undergoing transformation. This paper explored different methods of rural revitalization from the perspective of post-productivism, including the "Cooperative Conservation" driven by the elites, the "Self-Initiated Conservation" put forward by local residents, the "Piecemeal Conservation Strategies" promoted by the government and NGOs, and the "Rural Gentrification" led by the incoming middle class. In general, the villages have experienced the evolution from "Productivism" to "Post-productivism". The function of the rural area has gradually changed from agricultural production to rural consumption. Furthermore, the rural social and economic structure has been reconstructed by urban capitals. Generally, the revitalization of rural villages is mainly driven by non-governmental forces, while government makes few contributions. A comprehensive plan for rural revitalization is urgently needed and should be via policy formulation based on local situations and the cooperation of multiple parties to protect traditional culture and inheritances in addition to economic development.