聚丙烯腈熔融纺丝技术进展

叙述了聚丙烯腈的结构特征，丙烯腈聚合物的增塑，增塑和非增塑聚丙烯腈熔融纺丝工艺和纤维性质。熔纺制得的聚丙烯腈纤维，适用于纺织、地毯以及用作碳纤维原丝。增塑熔融纺丝技术已达到相当高的水平，熔纺纤维的形态与普通聚丙烯腈纤维类似，但存在皮芯结构，芯部有微孔。制得的聚丙烯腈基碳纤维原丝，拉伸强度达５．５～６．６ｃＮ／ｄｔｅｘ，用这种原丝生产的碳纤维的拉伸强度约为３．６×１０３ＭＰａ，模量约为２．３３×１０５ＭＰａ，伸长率约为１．５％，可制得性能优良的航空航天用复合材料。非增塑熔融纺丝，采用特定的丙烯腈聚合物和纺丝条件，不添加任何增塑剂，用普通熔融纺丝机在１０００ｍ／ｍｉｎ或２０００ｍ／ｍｉｎ以上的速度纺丝，经拉伸可得强度２．２～１１ｃＮ／ｄｔｅｘ、伸长率５％～３０％和模量５５～２２２ｃＮ／ｄｔｅｘ的纤维。

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PAN MELT SPINNING TECHNOLOGY

he structure and properties of PAN were reviewed. The processes of plasticizing PAN polymer and melt spinning plasticized and non plasticized PAN were studied. Melt spun PAN fiber are suitable for textile and carpets and used as as precursors for carbon fiber. The morphology of the fiber is similiar to that of wet spun fiber but having skin core structure and micro pores at the core. Carbon fiber with tensile strength up to 3.6×103 MPa, modulus 2.33×105 MPa and elongation 1.5% can be produced from plasticized melt spun PAN based precursors, which is used for aerospace as composite material. PAN fiber with tenacity 2.2～11cN/dtex, elongation 5%～30% and modulus 55～222cN/dtex is prepared by melt spinning of non plasticized PAN with specific composition without any plasticizer and under specific spinning conditions at take up speed of 1 000 m/min or 2 000 m/min.