硝基咪唑类含能化合物的合成研究进展

综述了10种硝基咪唑类含能化合物的合成及性能,包括1,4-二硝基咪唑(1,4-DNI),2,4-二硝基咪唑(2,4-DNI),4,5-二硝基咪唑(4,5-DNI),2,4,5-三硝基咪唑(2,4,5-TNI),1-甲基-2,4-二硝基咪唑(2,4-MDNI),1-甲基-4,5-二硝基咪唑(4,5-MDNI),1-甲基-2,4,5-三硝基咪唑(MTNI),1-苦基-2,4-三硝基咪唑(2,4-PDNI),1-乙酸乙酯-2,4,5-三硝基咪唑(CTNII),1-苦基-2,4,5-三硝基咪唑(PTNI)。对高能钝感炸药1,4-DNI、2,4-DNI及MTNI的合成与性能进行了详细介绍并对路线中存在的问题进行了简要评述。同时提出了一条理论上可行的合成MTNI的新路线,即碘代-硝化法:以N-甲基咪唑为原料经碘化得到1-甲基-2,4,5-三碘基咪唑(MTII),然后再用超酸硝化得到目标物。

Review on Synthesis of Nitroimidazoles Energetic Materials

Synthesis and properties of 10 kinds of nitroimidazoles energetic materials were reviewed, including 1, 4-dinitroimidazole (1, 4-DNI), 2, 4-dinitroimidazole(2, 4-DNI), 4, 5-dinitroimidazole (4, 5-DNI), 2, 4, 5-trinitroimidazole (2, 4, 5-TNI), 1-methyl-2, 4-dinitroimidazole (2, 4-MDNI), 1-methyl-4, 5-dinitroimidazole (4, 5-MDNI), 1-methyl-2, 4, 5-trinitroimidazole (MTNI), 1-picryl-2, 4-dinitroimidazole (2, 4-PDNI), 1-carboethoxy-2, 4, 5-trinitroimidazole (CTNII), 1-picryl-2, 4, 5-trinitroimidazole (PTNI). The high energy and insensitive explosives, such as 1, 4-DNI, 2, 4-DNI and MTNI, were summarized in detail and the disadvantages in the synthesis of these materials were pointed out. And a new synthetic route of MTNI was designed in theory, using N-methylimizole as starting material via iodination by iodination agent aqueous solution and nitration by super solid acidic.