基于烟茄嫁接的低烟碱烟草烟叶化学成分变化

为探索通过嫁接技术有效降低烟叶烟碱含量的技术，以茄子为砧木，云烟87为接穗，采用盆栽试验研究了烟茄嫁接生产低烟碱烟叶的可行性和烟叶化学成分的变化。试验共设烟/烟、烟/茄不培土、烟/茄培土等3个处理。结果表明:烟茄嫁接，烟株植物学特征和农艺性状未显著改变，烟叶烟碱含量降至极低水平，鲜烟叶中烟碱含量低至0.08%，烤后烟烟叶烟碱含量低至0.10%，比对照降低95%，假木贼碱和降烟碱含量也有所降低，但假木贼碱的下降比例较小，表明假木贼碱在叶片中有一定的合成能力，新烟草碱在鲜烟叶和烤后烟中均未检测到。在接穗底部培土诱发了不定根产生，能够促进生物碱的合成，导致烟/茄培土的烟碱含量比烟/茄不培土明显升高；烟茄嫁接的烟叶叶绿素含量显著高于对照，成熟较慢，蛋白质、淀粉、总氮含量较高，总糖、还原糖含量降低。本研究为通过农业措施选择性降低和调节烟叶烟碱含量提供了新的途径。 

Changes in chemical composition in leaves of low-nicotine tobacco resulted from grafting of tobacco with eggplant

In order to explore means of reducing nicotine content of tobacco leaves effectively by grafting technology, a pot experiment was carried out to study feasibility of producing very low nicotine content tobacco leaves and changes in chemical composition of low nicotine tobacco leaves obtained by grafting with eggplant (eggplant as rootstock, flue-cured variety Yunyan87 as scion). Three treatments were used, i.e. tobacco/tobacco, tobacco/eggplant without soil covering, tobacco/eggplant with soil covering. Results showed that grafting of tobacco with eggplant didn't cause significant change in botanical and agronomic characters of tobacco plant and leaf. Nicotine level of grafted tobacco leaves decreased dramatically, with nicotine content in fresh leaves lowered to 0.08%, and 0.10% in flue-cured leaves, which were 95% decrease compared with tobacco/tobacco control. Contents of nor-nicotine and anabasine were also decreased, although the percentage of decrease was less for anabasine, indicating that anabasine may have certain degree of biosynthesis capacity in leaves in addition to roots. Anatabine contents were not detectable in both fresh and cured leaves. Covering soil at the bottom of scion stimulated root production which was able to undergo alkaloid biosynthesis, resulting in a significant increase of nicotine content in grafted tobacco leaves compared with no soil covered grafted tobacco. Content of chlorophyll in tobacco/eggplant leaves was significantly higher and matured slower than control plants. Content of protein, starch and total nitrogen were higher, and total sugar and reducing sugar were lower. This study provides a new way to selectively reduce and regulate nicotine content in tobacco leaves through agricultural measures.