富营养化湖泊营养盐的来源及治理

分析富营养化湖泊营养盐的主要来源:流域内农田径流、畜禽养殖、水产养殖等产生的面源污染,以及湖底沉积物中液态营养盐向上覆水中释放、再悬浮造成的内源污染。综述多途径控制面源污染的措施,介绍底泥疏浚治理内源污染的方法,以及恢复水生高等植被、建设水生植物净化区、建造人工湿地等生态性治理措施。指出应结合当地的自然条件和湖泊富营养化状况,利用多种治理手段,逐步恢复富营养化湖泊生态系统的结构和功能,进而解决湖泊富营养化问题。

Origins of nutrient salt in eutropic lakes and its control

Analyzed are the main origins of nutrient salt in eutropic lakes, including the area-source pollution induced by runoff from farms, livestock cultivation, and aqui-culture in river basins and the inner-source pollution induced by the re-suspension of liquid nutrient salt discharged from bed sediment of eutropic lakes to surface water. Then, multiple measures for control of area-source pollution are reviewed, and an introduction is given to the bottom sludge dredge method for remediation of inner-source pollution, and some ecologic measures for pollution remediation, including the restoration of higher aquatic vegetation, development of purification areas of aquatic plants, and construction of artificial wetlands. It is pointed out that the control of the nutrient salt should combine with the local natural condition and the degree of lake eutrophication, and that multiple measures should be taken to restore the structure and functions of the ecological system of eutropic lakes progressively and further to solve the problems of eutrophication.