具有多个仲裁者的可验证加密签名方案及应用

可验证加密签名方案常用于构建公平交换协议，公平交换协议中的可信第三方往往会成为瓶颈。该文将Boneh等提出的单仲裁者可验证加密签名方案扩展为具有多个仲裁者的方案，方案应用无可信中心的可验证秘密共享技术实现了仲裁权力的分散。基于所构建的方案设计了一个公平合同签署协议，协议的可信第三方由多个仲裁者来构成，降低了第三方与其中一方合谋欺骗的风险。除此之外，协议具有不可伪造性、非透明性、公平性和机密性。由于该方案的设计是基于短签名方案和聚集签名方案，因此具有更高的通信效率。

Verifiably Encrypted Signature Schemes and Its Applications with Multiple Adjudicators

Verifiably encrypted signature is usually applied to the fair exchange protocol. However the trusted third party (TTP) is a bottleneck in the fair exchange protocol with a TTP. This paper extends Boneh et al’s verifiably encrypted signature with single adjudicator to a multi-adjudicator scheme. In this scheme, the adjudication can be shared among multiple adjudicators using verifiable secret sharing without trusted center. Based on the proposed verifiably encrypted signature scheme, it designs a contract signing protocol with multiple adjudicators. So the risk that any player colludes TTP can be reduced. In addition, the protocol can provide unforgeability, opacity, fairness and confidentiality. The scheme has lower communication cost due to short signature and aggregate signature.