一种基于QFD的地铁施工风险评估方法

地铁施工过程中一旦发生事故,会带来严重的经济损失和人员伤亡,而对地铁项目的风险评估和有针对性的预防措施能有效提高施工过程中的抗风险能力。文章以质量功能展开(QFD)为分析工具进行地铁风险评估,通过构建二阶质量屋模型来表达分析对象之间的影响关系,并采用相对具有区域规律性的事故类型的相对风险权重作为输入以及以非归一化处理的方式解决了输入点改变带来的不同作业活动下事故类型的权重求和问题,以获得作业活动和风险因素的相对风险权重。最后将理论应用于钻眼爆破开挖作业下的事故类型与风险因素风险分析,计算结果与实际分析相符。

A QFD Based Risk Assessment Approach for the Subway Construction

The hazards tend to cause severe financial loses and personnel casualties during the subway construction, and the risk assessment and corresponding precautions can enhance the ability to resist risks. The quality function deployment tool was used to assess the subway risks, a model of a two-stage house of quality (HOQ) was established to represent the relationship between the hazard types and the hazard causes in one operation activity, and the one between the total hazard types and the operation activities, and then the HOQ model can turn into an analytic network process (ANP) model which take the mutual relevance of the inner factors (the hazard types, causes or the operation activities) into consideration, the relative risk weight of the hazard types in a operation activity which have an regional regularity was input to calculate the weight of hazard causes, and a non-unitary method was adopted to turn the single relative weight of hazard types in different operation activities into a total relative weight, the result was obtaining the relative risk weight of operation activities. Finally, the method was adopted in a case of the drilling and blasting excavation activity, and the method provide satisfactory risk assessment values of hazard causes and the computed result is reasonable.