Demonstration of the environmental and demand-side management benefits of grid-connected photovoltaic power systems |
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Authors: | Ronald J Spiegel Edward C Kern Jr Daniel L Greenberg |
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Affiliation: | aNational Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, NC 27711, U.S.A.;bAscension Technology, Inc., PO Box 314, Lincoln Center, MA 01773, U.S.A. |
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Abstract: | This study investigated the pollutant emission reduction and demand-side management potential of 16 photovoltaic (PV) systems installed across the US during 1993 and 1994. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and 11 electric power companies sponsored the project. This article presents results of analyses of each PV system's ability to offset power plant emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulates and to provide power during peak demand hours for the individual host buildings and peak load hours for the utility. The analyses indicate a very broad range in the systems' abilities to offset pollutant emissions, due to variation in the solar resource available and the emission rates of the participating utilities' load following generation plants. Each system's ability to reduce building peak demand was dependent on the correlation of that load to the available solar resource. Most systems operated in excess of 50% of their capacity during building peak load hours in the summer months, but well below that level during winter peak hours. Similarly, many systems operated above 50% of their capacity during utility peak load hours in the summer months, but at a very low level during winter peak hours. |
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Keywords: | Solar power plants Electric power systems Gas emissions Air pollution control Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen oxides Carbon dioxide Particulate emissions Electric load management Electric utilities Solar energy Energy utilization Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems |
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