现代藏语动词的句法语义分类及相关语法句式

本文突破了传统藏文文法关于动词分类的简单描述,建立起以句法语义为纲要的动词类别和相关句法规则。本文区分了藏语12大类动词,各类动词都有不同论元数量和不同句法性质的要求。因此,动词的句法语义类别划分能够较细致和全面反映各种类型藏语句式的语法结构框架,包括句子的语序、词格标记和句法助词。动词的句法语义分类结果可以直接应用于藏语语法信息词典的构建,是藏语计算处理的重要基础。

The Classification of Tibetan Verbs and Relative Patterns Based on Semantics and Syntax

This paper discusses the classification of Tibetan verbs according to verbal semantic types and syntactic types,which can describe the numbers of arguments and characters of components in sentences.There are 12 types of verbs in Tibetan.They are stative verbs,action verbs,cognition verbs,perception verbs,verbs of change,directional verbs,narrate verbs,copula,verbs of possession,existential verbs,interrelation verbs,causative verbs,each of which requires different case markers for nouns in different positions,or different word orders or different syntactic particles.All the semantic and syntactic features of verbs and their structural model described in the paper can be used as information that appears in the dictionary,which we are constructing now.It is no doubt the analysis of semantic and syntactic features of Tibetan verbs is infrastructure of Tibetan natural language processing.