矛盾与中和：宁波近代园林的变迁与特征

宁波自古以来受到江南传统文化的影响，其园林风格以婉约内闭为主。近代开埠之后，其原有封闭的文化系统被打破，古典园林受到西方文化的冲击。而在民国时期，宁波园林建设更受到了国民政府意识形态的影响。在这些力量的共同驱动之下，宁波近代园林呈现出明显的模糊和矛盾。该文梳理和总结了近代宁波园林的历史，阐述其风格演变过程，探究诱发和影响其风格转变的因素，并具体结合近代宁波园林的不同类型实例，揭示其园林要素组成和特征。

Contradictions and Placid: Transition and Characteristics of Gardens in Modern Times of Ningbo

Ningbo city was always influenced by the traditional Jiangnan culture which was characterized by restraint and grace from ancient time as well as its garden.Since Ningbo was open to the West in 1844,the enclosed culture system of Ningbo was smashed by western culture.When the Republic of China was founded,the construction of garden was also influenced by the ideology of government in that phase.Droved by such a strong power,the garden in modern Ningbo began a transition on a large scale.In retrospect the history of modern garden in Ningbo,the paper elaborates the process of style transition in the garden.Then it makes a research on the factors which inspired and influenced the style transition.Furthermore,the paper analyzes the different kinds of gardens and its features with the specific examples and concentrates on the elements and means of gardens design.