Physiology-based personalization of persuasive technology: a user modeling perspective

Persuasive technology (PT) can assist in behavior change. PT systems often rely on user models, based on behavior and self-report data, to personalize their functionalities and thereby increase efficiency. This review paper shows how physiological measurements could be used to further improve user models for personalization of PT by means of bio-cybernetic loops and data-driven approaches. Furthermore, we outline the advantages of using physiological measures for personalization compared to self-report and behavior measurement. Additionally, we show how two types of physiological information—physiological states and physiological reactivity—can be relevant for PT adaptations. To illustrate this, we present a model with two types of physiology-based PT adaptations as part of a bio-cybernetic loop; state-based and reactivity-based. Next, we discuss the implications of physiology-aware PT for persuasive design and theory. And lastly, because of the potential impact of such systems, we also consider important ethical implications of physiology-aware PT.