| 表面活性剂强化铜矿石浸出 |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴爱祥 艾纯明 王贻明 李希雯 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院,北京 100083; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金;国家自然科学基金;国家自然科学基金;长江学者;创新团队发展计划 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了解决铜矿石浸出速度慢、浸出率低的问题,在浸出液中加入表面活性剂进行摇瓶试验.通过测量浸出前后溶液表面张力以及铜浸出率,考察了三种不同类型的表面活性剂对铜矿石浸出的影响.研究发现溶液表面张力对矿石浸出影响较大,阴离子表面活性剂的强化浸出作用最为明显,铜浸出率达62.5%.在柱浸试验中,添加阴离子表面活性剂使铜浸出率提高了近10%.利用物理化学和渗流力学对表面活性剂强化浸出机理的分析表明,溶液表面张力和表面活性剂在矿石表面的吸附对矿石表面润湿作用影响较大,表面活性剂在浸出液的持久性也是影响浸出的因素之一.
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| 关 键 词： | 铜矿石 浸出 表面活性剂 表面张力 润湿 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-03-24 |
Surfactant accelerating leaching of copper ores |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;2. Key Laboratory of High-e–cient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines (Ministry of Education), University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | Shak-flask test was conducted by adding surfactants to solve problems about the low leaching speed and leaching rate of copper ores. The influences of three different kinds of surfactants on the leaching of copper ores were investigated by measuring the surface tension of solution before and after leaching and the Cu leaching rate. It is found that the surface tension of solution has great influence on the Cu leaching rate; moreover, the anionic surfactant has the greatest effect on accelerating leaching with the Cu leaching rate of 62.5%. In column leaching test, the Cu leaching rate increases by nearly 10% by using the anionic surfactant. The mechanism of accelerating leaching is analyzed based on physical chemistry and permeation fluid mechanics. It can be concluded that the surface tension of solution and the adsorption of surfactants on the ore surface have great effect on the wettability of copper ores. In addition, the persistence of surfactants should be taken into consideration in leaching. |
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