提高湿蒸汽发生器燃油热效率

孤东采油厂注汽锅炉热效率测试分析显示,在平均注汽干度70％情况下,平均吨汽耗油量达68kg,比胜利石油管理局下发的湿蒸汽发生器标准(Q/SL0128-88)中规定的65kg高出3kg,但平均热效率只有84.5％,造成注汽成本偏高.对两台锅炉的排烟温度、过剩空气系数等进行测试表明,锅炉排烟温度高、过剩空气系数大,雾化参数不匹配,是影响热效率低,进而导致吨汽耗油高的主要因素.采取以下方法提高燃油热效率:强制停炉清灰,安装给水预热器,定期更换对流段腐蚀和结垢严重的翅片管,有效降低排烟温度；优化风门开度、油阀开度、燃油压力,确定合理的过剩空气系数；确定合理油温、合理雾化压力、合理油压,从而确定合理的雾化压力参数.上述措施实施后,在平均注汽干度70％情况下,吨汽耗油量为64.2kg,平均热效率为86.68％,节省燃油382.8t,产生直接经济效益114.8万元.

Raising Heat Efficiency of Fuel in Wet Steam Generators

Testing and analysis of the heat efficiency of two steam injection boilers in Sinopec Gudong Oil Production Plant showed that when the average dryness fraction of the steam injected stood at 70%,the average oil consumption was 68kg per ton of steam,3kg higher than the value specified in the Wet Steam Generator Standard(Q/SL0128-88) issued by the Shengli Oilfield Petroleum Administration.The average heat efficiency of the boilers,however,was only 84.5%,resulting in an excessively high steam injection cost.Testing on the exhaust temperature and excess air coefficient of the boilers showed that excessively high exhaust temperature,excessively large excess air coefficient and unmatched atomization parameters were the main factors affecting the heat efficiency,which in turn resulted in excessively high steam and oil consumption.The following measures were taken to raise the heat efficiency of fuel:stopping the boiler for ash cleaning,installing a feed water preheater and replacing the finned tubes corroded and covered by scale deposit in the convection section regularly to effectively reduce the exhaust temperature;optimizing the opening of the air door and the oil valves as well as fuel pressure and determining the appropriate excess air coefficient;and determining the appropriate oil temperature,atomization pressure and oil pressure so as to determine the appropriate atomization pressure parameters.As a result of the use of the above measures,when the average dryness fraction of the steam injected stands at 70%,the oil consumption per ton of steam is 64.2kg and the average heat efficiency reaches 86.68%.The 382.8t of fuel saved is worth 1.148 million yuan.