中国光伏产业摆脱当前困境的对策探讨

自2011年以来,欧美光伏产品主要消费同对我国太阳能产品的进口需求大幅减少,美国的“双反”贸易诉讼更是导致中国光伏产品价格快速下跌,中国光伏企业需要寻找新的市场空间.在欧洲,德国希望通过下调太阳能补贴来控制装机速度,以减轻沉重的财政压力；西班牙和意大利在2012年光伏市场也面临衰退；但英国和法国却因为举办奥运会和欧盟对可再生能源所占份额的要求,有可能成为极具潜力的光伏产品市场；另外,乌克兰和捷克也是越来越具潜力的光伏发电市场.美国的太阳能市场在世界上越来越重要,但要占领这一市场有一定难度.亚洲是目前光伏产业发展的热点地区,但其中有些国家/地区已经或有可能成为中国大陆光伏企业的强劲对手.中国光伏企业要摆脱当前的困境,首先应立足于国内,政府要给予一定的政策支持,真正打开国内市场;成熟的欧美市场不能放弃,可采取在欧美设立分公司或建厂的战略来减少贸易摩擦；要有计划地去开发和占领东欧、亚洲和非洲等新兴市场；而最重要的,是要下大力气研发并掌握核心技术,打破国外企业对光伏产业的技术垄断,摆脱“两头在外”的局面.

A Discussion on Measures to Lift Chinese PV Industry Out of Difficulty

Since 2011,major photovoltaic product consumers in Europe and America have dramatically cut their imports of Chinese PV products and the United States′ AD and CVD probes have resulted in a sharp decline in the prices of Chinese PV products.Chinese PV product enterprises need to look for new market space for their products.In Europe,Germany hopes to arrest the growth of solar equipment installed by lowering subsidies in order to ease financial pressure.The PV markets of Spain and Italy are also shrinking this year.However,the United Kingdom and France are promising PV product markets because of the London Olympic Games and EU′s requirements for higher shares of renewable energy in their energy mix.Ukraine and Czech are also promising PV power generation markets.The US PV market is playing an increasingly important role in the world,but this market is difficult to capture.Asia is a hotspot for PV industry development and some countries/regions in the area have or may become Chinese PV enterprises′ strong rivals.To rise out of the currently plight,Chinese PV enterprises should first set their eye on the domestic market.The government should offer policy incentives and open the market to real competition.European and American markets,which are already mature,should not be given up.Measures such as opening branches or establishing production plants in these areas can be taken to reduce trade frictions.Plans should be put in place to develop and capture emerging markets in East Europe,Asia and Africa.Most importantly,Chinese enterprises should step up their effort to research and develop core technologies in a bid to break the technical monopolization of foreign enterprises in the PV industry.