Investigating population genetics of invasive rainbow smelt in the Great Lakes Region |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA;2. U.S. Geological Survey Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA;1. Department of Sustainable Agro-ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;2. UO CRLMBAS, ARPA Lombardia, Via I Maggio 21/b, 23848 Oggiono, Lecco, Italy;3. University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Via Trevano, 6952 Canobbio, Switzerland;4. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy;5. CNR Water Research Institute, L.go Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania Pallanza, Italy;1. Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering (DICAM), University of Trento, Trento, Italy;2. Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;1. Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada;2. Environment and Natural Resources—Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada;3. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Engineering and Environmental Services, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4X2, Canada;4. Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;5. Département des Sciences Biologiques, GRIL, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada;6. Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie (GRIL), Centre d’études nordiques (CEN), Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada;1. Lake Michigan Biological Station, Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Zion, IL, USA;2. Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA;3. Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA;4. Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, The College at Brockport - State University of New York, Brockport, NY, USA;1. Irkutsk State University, Institute of Biology, Irkutsk, Karl Marx str., 1, 664003, Russia;2. Baikal Research Center, Irkutsk, Lenin str., 21, 664003, Russia;3. Institute of Limnology RAS, St. Petersburg, Sevastyanov str., 9, 196105, Russia;4. Saint-Petersburg Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography” (“GosNiorch” by L.S. Berg), St. Petersburg, Makarova nab. 26, 199053, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Increasing our understanding of invasive species is important because of the negative impacts they can have on the economies and ecosystems of invaded regions. There is growing interest in how environmental variability (e.g. temperature) and stochastic invasion events (e.g. founder effects) affect the genetic composition of populations of invasive species. Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) are a cold-water, planktivorous fish that spread into the Great Lakes basin in the early 1900s. We performed genetic analyses using microsatellites (N = 10) to investigate the influence stochastic invasion events have had on the genetic composition of invasive rainbow smelt populations across a broad geographic range. Genetic analyses were conducted on rainbow smelt populations (N = 30/population) from Lake Ontario, Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, and four inland lakes in Northern Wisconsin. Populations from the Great Lakes were generally less differentiated than inland populations. Additionally, we found evidence of a significant bottleneck in two inland populations and evidence for two distinct genetic strains of rainbow smelt in Lake Ontario. We also performed genetic analyses using microsatellites to determine if a thermally-induced extreme mortality event had an effect on a population of rainbow smelt and found that there was no measurable genetic effect on the population. Overall, this study provides evidence that the genetic structure and diversity of introduced populations can vary significantly, and are likely influenced by factors such as the frequency and magnitude of introductions. Also the resiliency of an invasive species can be high despite a history of bottlenecks and low genetic diversity. |
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| Keywords: | Rainbow smelt Microsatellites Invasive species Founder effects Population genetics Thermal stress |
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