Genetic versus demographic stock structure of rainbow smelt in a large fragmented lake |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Vermont, Department of Biology, Marsh Life Science Building, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, United States;2. University of Vermont, Rubenstein Ecosystem Science Laboratory, 3 College St., Burlington, VT 05401, United States;3. Agency of Natural Resources, Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, 111 West St, Essex Junction, VT 05452, United States;1. Ryerson University, Department of Chemistry and Biology, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;2. Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada;3. University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, Finland;1. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Alpena Fisheries Research Station, United States;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Hammond Bay Biological Station, United States;3. Michigan State University, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, United States;1. National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;2. International Joint Commission, Great Lakes Regional Office, Windsor, ON, Canada;3. Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada;4. Independent Consultant, Wimauma, FL, United States;5. Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States;1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada;2. Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada;1. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada;2. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada;3. Ryerson University, Department of Chemistry and Biology, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada;4. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada;5. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada;6. Michigan Technological University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA;7. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, 351 St. Joseph Blvd., Gatineau, Quebec K1A 0H3, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Identification of fish stocks plays an important role in fisheries management, but stock identification often depends on the techniques used and the management goals as much as on actual population structure. Historically, stocks were identified by place of capture, population demography and morphology, but genetic stock identification has become a standard approach. Here, we evaluate the stock structure of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in three basins of Lake Champlain separated by causeways using genotype data from six microsatellite loci and 26 years of demographic data. No genetic differences among rainbow smelt from the different basins were evident, which suggests that gene flow occurs among basins. However, length, age, and catch-per-unit-effort of rainbow smelt suggests asynchronous population dynamics in the different basins, and thus each basin may hold populations that are at least partially isolated from one another. Consequently, we conclude that while rainbow smelt in Lake Champlain consist of at least three demographic stocks they may form only a single genetic stock. Our results concur with other studies that suggest care should be taken when only a single method of stock identification is used. |
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| Keywords: | Lake Champlain Habitat fragmentation Forage fish Fisheries Management |
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