Freshwater biogeography in Wallacea: The case of sphaeriid bivalves in the Malili lake system (Sulawesi,Indonesia) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Justus Liebig University Giessen, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Giessen, Germany;2. Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;3. Natural History Museum of Erfurt, Germany;4. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;5. Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany;6. Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Australia;7. Zoology Division (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), Research Center for Biology, LIPI, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia;1. Center of Natural History, Zoological Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;2. Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Animal Behaviour VHF-392, Morgenbreede 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;3. Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45121 Essen, Germany;1. Systematics & Biodiversity Lab, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany;2. Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;1. Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain;2. Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, Avda. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain;3. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny & JEMU), Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium;4. Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium;1. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnaya Dvina Emb. 23, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia;2. Northern Arctic Federal University, Severnaya Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002 Russia;3. Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7-9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia;1. Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany;2. CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8198 – Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000 Lille, France;3. Department of Biology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda |
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| Abstract: | Ancient lakes are renowned as freshwater hotspots of biodiversity and endemism. However, some of these water bodies are poorly studied with the minute pill clams in the genus Pisidium (family Sphaeriidae) being particularly overlooked. The Malili lake system is located on Sulawesi, which is the largest and possibly biologically most diverse Indonesian island within the biodiversity hotspot region of Wallacea. This lake system consists of 5 interconnected lakes that harbour a unique freshwater fauna including 42 mostly endemic mollusc species described to date. The only bivalves recognized in this lake system have been in the widespread genus Corbicula. We present new insights into the sphaeriid biodiversity of the ancient Malili lakes and provide the first fossil-calibrated phylogeny for this family to discuss the biogeographical history of the Wallacean Pisidium fauna including the dating of speciation events. Both morphological and molecular data suggest that the Malili lake system is inhabited by at least three Pisidium species, two of which are potentially endemic to these lakes. This diversity is probably derived from a single colonization event from the Oriental region. The fossil-calibrated phylogeny further indicates that intra-island diversification occurred well after the island was fully formed. Our study improves understanding of the overall sphaeriid biodiversity in Indonesia as well as the endemic fauna of the ancient lakes. |
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| Keywords: | Endemic Biodiversity Fossil calibration Ancient lakes |
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