溃坝典型水流水力特性试验研究

黏性土坝漫顶溃决是一个水、土二相耦合逐渐发展的过程,涉及水流冲蚀主动力和坝体材料被动抗力的综合作用。立足当今世界溃坝研究的前沿理论,借鉴以往现场原型试验相关成果,对土坝溃决过程进行了宏观阶段划分,并在此基础上开展专门的水槽试验,采用PIV技术对表面冲刷水流和陡坎冲射水流的精细水流结构进行了详细研究。试验获得了两种典型水流的几何特性及相关水力特性,总结分析了各水流结构对坝体的冲蚀作用机制。相关成果的获取可从本质上对黏性土坝陡坎溯源冲蚀机理进行理解和掌握,亦可为数值模拟及其他溃坝研究工作提供技术参考。

Experiment on hydraulic characteristics of typical dam break flow

The overtopping dam-break is a process of gradual development with soil-water coupling. It relates to the comprehensive effect of active erosion force of flow and passive resistance of dam body material. Based on the forward theory of current world dam break and refered to the previous field prototype test results, the paper made a macro stage division for dam break process and carried out a special flume experiment by using PIV technology. It exhaustively investigated the fine structure of surface flow and headcut flow. Through the experiment, the paper got the geometric and hydraulic characteristics of two typical flow and summarized the erosion mechanism of each flow structure on dam body. The result can make us understand the dam-break mechanism inessence and also provide technical reference for numerical simulation and other research work on dam break.