双极膜制备及改性研究进展

双极膜作为一种新型复合离子交换膜,以其独特的优点,为化工、环境科学和能源利用等领域中存在已久的诸多技术难题提供了新的思路和解决办法。目前,国内外关于双极膜的研究主要集中于通过对膜材料和中间层的改性以促进双极膜的水解离,提高双极膜离子交换能力和降低能耗等方面。本文介绍了热压成型法、黏合成型法、流延成型法,含浸法等双极膜制备方法的原理、特点、应用实例和新进展,并对比分析了各种方法的优势和存在的不足。同时,从膜材料改性和中间层改性两个方面对近年来双极膜的改性研究进行了重点讨论。最后指出,国内多数双极膜的制备仍处于实验研究阶段,将接枝、共混、离子辐射等膜材料改性方法应用于双极膜的制备中,同时寻找亲水性好、耐高温性能好的基膜材料将是双极膜制备领域的重要方向。

Progress on preparation and modification of bipolar membrane

As a new type of composite ion-exchange membrane, bipolar membrane(BPM) has provided new ideas and solutions for many long-standing problems in the fields of chemical technology, environmental science and energy utilization for its unique advantages. At present, researches about BPM focus on promoting hydrolysis from bipolar membrane, improving the bipolar membrane ion exchange capacity and reducing energy consumption by modification of membrane materials and the middle layer. This paper reviewed the following techniques particularly:hot pressing molding, bonded molding, cast molding and impregnation molding. The principle, applications, advantages and shortcomings of these techniques were analyzed. The modification of membrane materials and the middle layer of BPM were mainly discussed. This paper indicated that the majority of domestic studies on BPM preparation are still in the laboratory stage. Applying grafting, blending and ionizing radiation in the preparation of a bipolar membrane, and looking for new membrane materials with better hydrophilic and high temperature resistance would be very important.