厌氧膜生物反应器及其膜污染探析

厌氧膜生物反应器(anaerobic membrane bioreactor,AnMBR)集厌氧生物技术和膜分离技术于一体,具有高负荷、低能耗、可回收沼气和高效截留等优点,在高浓度有机废水治理领域潜力巨大。然而,国内外关于AnMBR的工程运行参数较为欠缺。此外,膜污染问题是阻碍该工艺应用推广的重要致因,故其一直是AnMBR的研究热点。本文概述了AnMBR的工艺特征以及AnMBR的结构、组合方式及其特点,指出当前外置式应用较多,内置式因其特点也逐渐引起关注;综述了AnMBR及其组合工艺在国内外的工程应用现状,指出该技术多在实验室阶段,且于工程化方面国内落后于国外;探析了膜污染机理及其影响因素(膜组件、污泥特性和操作条件等影响因素)关于膜污染的作用机制;并总结了一些控制膜污染的典型预防和控制措施,以期为相关研究应用提供参考。

A study on anaerobic membrane bioreactor and its membrane fouling

Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) integrates anaerobic biotechnology with membrane separation technology. It has the advantages of high loading rate, low energy consumption, biogas production and high-rate interception. Thus, it has a great potential in the treatment of high concentration organic wastewater. However, the engineering operation parameters of the AnMBR in the world were still limited. Moreover, the membrane pollution is the major cause preventing AnMBR from application, so the pollution has been the research hot spot these years. In this paper, the features of the process and the structure of the AnMBR were outlined, and the application status of the projects at home and abroad was summarized. At present the external type was popular in application. And the built-in type has been receiving attention due to its distinctive features. The engineering application status of the AnMBR and its combination process were reviewed, such technology was partly in the lab-scale. The domestic application of engineering of AnMBR was fallen behind that at abroad. The membrane fouling mechanism was explored, so as the effects of other elements(membrane components, sludge characteristics and operation conditions)contributing to membrane fouling. Furthermore, the prevention and controlling measures of the membrane fouling were put forward to provide the references for the relative researches and applications.