天然气水合物形成与生长影响因素综述

天然气水合物(NGH)是水分子和天然气分子形成的一种复杂的笼型晶体,其在油气管道输送、天然气储存和制冷等行业中都具有重要的研究意义和利用价值,但天然气水合物的形成是一个多组分、多阶段的复杂过程,不同因素对于天然气水合物形成和生长的影响尚有待明确。本文介绍了天然气水合物形成的物理过程以及水合物成核的3种机理假说;详细梳理了基质两亲性、添加剂、多孔介质环境和杂质、液体组成、温度压力以及流动条件等因素对于天然气水合物形成和生长的影响,并对其作了简要分析。同时指出,原油组成对于水合物抑制效果的定量化、蜡晶结构对于水合物形成过程中传质和传热的影响以及微观化的动力学抑制剂抑制机理等都是水合物相关研究中需要进一步深入探究和明确的问题。

Review of influence factors of natural gas hydrate formation and growth

Natural gas hydrate is a kind of complex clathrate crystal formed by water and natural gas molecules, which has an important significance for research and utilization in industries of oil/gas pipeline transportation, natural gas storage and refrigeration. While the formation and growth of natural gas hydrate is a complex process involving multi-components and multistages, and the influence of different factors on hydrate formation and growth still needs to be understood. This paper introduces the physical process of natural gas formation and three hypotheses of natural gas nucleation. Then, the influences of substrate amphipathy, additives, porous media environment and impurities, liquid composition, temperature, pressure and flow conditions on hydrate formation and growth are discussed. At last, this paper points out that quantification of inhibition of hydrate caused by different crude oil compositions, influence of wax on mass transfer and heat transfer during hydrate growth, and a microscopic mechanism of kinetic hydrate inhibition should be further studied in the future.