初乳中生物活性物质的开发与应用

初乳不同于常乳，它是哺乳动物为自己的后代准备的第一份食品。牛初乳不仅含有哺乳动物所必需的各种营养物质、矿物元素和氨基酸，还含有很多具有生物活性的多肽、底聚糖类物质。其中研究较多的有：非肽类营养因子（nonpeptide trophic factors），激素（hormones），细胞因子（cytokines），生长因子（growth factors），表皮生长因子受体配基家族（epidermal growth factor receptor ligand family），表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor），转移生长因子（transforming growth factor），转化生长因子β家族（transforming growth factor β family），胰岛素样生长因子（insulin-like growth factors），生长调节素及其结合蛋白（somatomedins，and their binding proteins），血小板衍生的生长因子（platelet-derived growth factor），（vascular endothelial growth factor），乳铁蛋白（lactoferrin），生长激素及其释放因子（growth hormone and its releasing factor）和抗体等。本文就初乳的特性、这些生理因子的作用、应用、分离提纯和研究进展进行系统综述，并从哺乳动物进化的角度分析初乳这些功在新生个体发育和分化和先天免疫中的作用。

Researches and Applications of Bioactive Factors in Colostrun

Colostrum is quite different from normal milk, which is a milk secreted during the first few days after calving, and its importance for the health of calves has been known for a long time. Colostrum contains not only nutrients like proteins, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, and minerals but also bioactive components like growth factors, antimicrobial factors, and sialyloligosaccharides. The most abundant and well-characterized factors in colostrum are nonpeptide trophic factors, hormones, cytokines, growth factors, epidermal growth factor receptor ligand family, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor, transforming growth factor t3 family, insulin-like growth factors, somatomedins, and their binding proteins, platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, lactoferrin, growth hormone and its releasing factor and immunoglohnlins and so on. This article is a review about the characteristics of colostrums, the important roles of these factors, their applications, separations, and researches.