海岸带滩涂资源遥感应用研究进展

海岸带滩涂环境复杂多变,进入性、通达性差。遥感技术因宏观、快速、综合、高频、动态和经济等突出优势,在海岸带滩涂资源动态监测中应用前景广阔。回顾了近年来国内外遥感技术在海岸带滩涂应用中的研究进展,主要包括海岸线提取、潮滩冲淤分析、近岸水深调查、悬浮泥沙反演以及潮滩环境监测等领域。详细论述了航空遥感、卫星光学遥感、微波以及激光等遥感技术在这些领域应用中的技术原理与方法,对近年来最新应用成果以及存在的主要问题进行了分析。指出要进一步提升遥感技术在海岸带滩涂研究领域的应用能力,需要加强开展多源数据的融合、高光谱数据的信息挖掘、微波与激光雷达数据处理等方面的研究。

Advance of Remote Sensing Application to Tidal Flat Resource Monitoring in Coastal Zone

Along with the increasing development of urbanization,tidal flat is now serving as the most important resources of land reserves for coastal cities.As a sensitive belt of sea and land interaction,silt tidal flat is characterized as muddy surfaces,densely covered and frequently varied tidal creeks.Therefore,the traditional field observation has been restricted by the difficulty of access,however,the development of remote sensing techniques make it possible for the coastal investigator to monitor the dynamic changes of coastal zone at low cost and in an efficient way.This paper reviewed the current state of the use of remote sensing in estuaries and coastal tidal flat.Recent advances of four main application aspects including shoreline extraction,retrieval and analysis of elevation at mudflat,bathymetry and surface suspended sediment concentration retrieval are introduced.To date,the most common remote sensed techniques used in coastal zone can be classified into four categories:photogrammetry,satellite optical remote sensing,SAR as well as Lidar.Through systematical analyzing the mechanism,technical characteristics and advantages and shortages of the four categories techniques,the author finds that despite these considerable advances have been made,lack of suitable remote sensing data and not-perfect data processing methods are the remaining challenges to impede the improvement of survey accuracy in coastal zone.In order to improve this situation,it is to suggest that future studies should focus on the study of combination of different remote sensed information,hyperspectral data mining and data processing methods on SAR and Lidar data.