环境减灾卫星数据在旱灾预警监测中的应用

环境减灾卫星星座具有宽覆盖和快速重访的能力,尤其适合旱灾等大范围灾害监测的要求。基于权重叠加法的区域旱灾风险评估方法,综合考虑致灾因子、孕灾环境及承灾体等指标,获得的旱灾风险等级分布图可以应用于旱灾风险预警。光谱维-温度旱灾指数产品综合考虑了土壤水分变化、地表蒸散变化、植被绿度变化、植株水分变化4方面内容,可有效应用于旱灾监测中。针对2010年初中国西南地区特大旱灾,利用环境减灾卫星数据采用上述方法开展了旱灾风险评估和监测,并采用民政部国家减灾中心收集的地方政府上报灾情数据对风险评估和监测结果进行了验证,结果表明:监测结果与实报灾情相符,结果具有较高的精度。风险评估和监测结果仍需进一步改进,以满足自然灾害救助应急预案仿真与模拟的精度需求。

Application of Enviroment and Disaster Satellites Data in Drought Early-warning and Monitoring

Environment and Disaster Reduction Satellite Constellation has the ability of wide coverage and rapid revisit,so that it can fulfill the demand of large scale disaster observation such as drought.Based on the weight overlaying method,regional drought risk assessment method comprehensively considers disastrous factors,disaster formative environment,hazard-bearing body and other factors,and achieves drought risk level distribution map which can be used in early-warning of drought.Spectral dimension-temperature drought index takes into account of four factors,including soil moisture,surface evaporation,vegetation greenness and plant moisture changes,so it can be applied in drought monitoring.For serious drought of Southwest China in early 2010,this paper carries out drought early warning and monitoring using Environment and Disaster Reduction Satellites data,and verifies risk assessment and monitoring results using local government reported disaster information from NDRCC,which shows that the results are in line with the actual disaster information with high accuracy.Risk assessment and monitoring results still need further improvements to meet the accuracy requirement of natural disaster relief emergency plan simulation and emulation.