生态环境状况指数模型在全国生态环境质量评价中的应用

生态环境质量与人类的生存质量密切相关,生态环境质量评价为生态环境质量的治理、改善提供重要参考。本文以全国土地利用遥感监测数据及MODIS的NDVI数据为基础,根据国家环保总局发布的生态环境评价规范,通过GIS空间分析功能提取生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、土地退化指数和环境质量指数等5个指标,利用综合指数法计算全国范围的生态环境质量指数,对2005年全国范围进行生态环境评价,将全国生态环境质量分为5级。结果表明,2005年全国生态状况整体一般,西部较差,东部较好,有呈阶梯分布的趋势。

The Application of Ecological Environment Index Model on the National Evaluation of Ecological Environment Quality

The environmental quality is closely related to human living quality,and the ecological environmental evaluation provides a reference for environmental protection and control.In this paper,using the national remote sensing land use data and NDVI data from MODIS,the authors calculated the Biological Abundance Index,Vegetation Index,Water Network Density Index,Land Degradation Index and Environmental Quality Index using the spatial analysis tools of GIS.The Ecological Index（EI） is built by these five indexes,and then the nationwide ecological environmental conditions in 2005 are graded and estimated by the EI result.The grades of EI show that the ecological condition of the whole nation seems rather general,but the western part is worse while the eastern is better.A trend of stair distribution is emerging.This method only needs a low accuracy data,and it is easy to operate.So the model is suitable for the ecological environmental evaluation for large region,and it can provide an important reference for protecting and managing the environment in large region.It has very good practical value.